The latest news comes from the Sahel, a region where borders, identities and alliances are being redefined. At the heart of these changes, the Alliance of Sahel States (AES), comprising Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger, is distinguished by a bold initiative: the creation of a single visa, called "Visa Liptako. This project, unveiled after a meeting of experts in Bamako in early February 2025, marks a clear desire to facilitate mobility within the alliance, but also to send a strong signal as to their independence from the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS).
The context: a break with the past and a desire for cooperation
This initiative is not an isolated one. It comes against a backdrop of growing tensions with ECOWAS, following the effective withdrawal of Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger from the organization on February 29.
This departure, motivated by a feeling of instrumentalization of ECOWAS by France, does not prevent the AES countries from wishing to maintain certain aspects of regional cooperation. Thus, despite their departure from ECOWAS, these countries wish to retain the free movement for ECOWAS citizens wishing to enter their territory.
For its part, ECOWAS is adopting a similar approach to limit economic and social disruption during this transition period. It is important to note that the ESA countries announced on December 14, 2024, that they are "a visa-free zone for all nationals"of ECOWAS. This announcement was made at the same time as a meeting of the sub-region's heads of state. This policy was confirmed by the President of the Confederation of Sahel States (AES), Assimi Goïta. In other words, ECOWAS citizens do not need a visa to enter or leave the AES area.
The "Liptako Visa": more than just a travel document
The "Liptako Visa", the model for which was proposed during the discussions in Bamako, includes an option of e-visa issued online. This dematerialization of procedures aims to simplify access to ESA countries, not only for their own nationals, but also for foreign travelers and citizens of neighboring countries. The ambition is clear: stimulate trade, attract investment, develop tourism and strengthen cooperation with the rest of the world. It's an approach that goes beyond simple travel formalities. The "Liptako Visa" becomes a tool for development and regional integration.
However, don't forget that ESA countries reserve the right to refuse entry to any ECOWAS national considered an "inadmissible immigrant".. The exact criteria for this ineligibility have not been specified, raising questions about their application and potential impact on mobility within the region.
A worrying security situation and its impact on tourism
The enthusiasm generated by this initiative must, however, be qualified by the security context in the region. The Sahel is classified as a "red zone" by several countries, including FranceUnited States and Canada.
The introduction of the "Liptako Visa" is accompanied by other measures, including circulation of the AES passport. This common passport, together with the single visa, testify to the ESA's determination to build a regional identity and sovereignty. They symbolize a step towards further integration, a "confederation" announced for July 2024.
It is important to note that vehicles registered in an ECOWAS country can circulate in the AES area. Both passenger cars and commercial passenger vehicles are affected.
This pragmatic approach reflects a desire to maintain trade with ECOWAS, despite the political break.
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